Turbocharger VS Supercharger
VISHWAKARMA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PUNE – 411037
Subject: Mechanical System Design
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Assignment: TURBOCHARGER V/S SUPERCHARGER
Group
No: 3 Batch: D1
Group Members:
1. SAHIL
BHAT (01)
2. SAMEET
SHAIKH (05)
3. SAUMYA
DESHMUKH (13)
4. ATHARVA
SHINGADE (17)
5. AMITABH SIRSAT (20)
Guide:
Dr. Prof. SUNIL CHOUGULE
Introduction –
TURBOCHARGER –
A turbocharger is
a turbine-driven, force induction device that increases the efficiency and
power output of internal combustion engines by forcing extra compressed air
into the combustion chamber. This hot air induction seems to work because the
compressor can force more air and proportionately more fuel into the combustion
chamber than normal atmospheric pressure.
A
turbocharger is a device fitted to a vehicle’s engine in order to improve the
overall efficiency and increase the performance of the engine. turbochargers
are originally known as turbosuperchargers because
all forced induction devices are classified as superchargers. A supercharger is
a term given to a mechanically driven forced induction device.
Fig1: Turbocharger
SUPERCHARGER-
A supercharger is
a mechanical driven component which is used in piston engines to pump
pressurized air into the intake manifold using air compressor or blower. The
high pressure increases the level of air enters the cylinder during the intake
stroke.
Superchargers let
the engine burn more fuel and do more work as each intake circle of the engine
gets more oxygen. These power components are mechanically driven by the means
of a gear, belt, shaft, or chain connected to the engine’s crankshaft.
This is where
another component has more advantage than a supercharger, it is called a
turbocharger. Although the part is known as a supercharger, thus it is named
turbosupercharger or turbo. It offers power using a turbine which is powered by
exhaust gas obtained at the end stroke of the combustion.
Fig2:
Supercharger
Types of Turbochargers-
- Single-Turbo
- Twin-Turbo
- Twin-Scroll Turbo
- Variable Geometry Turbo
- Variable Twin Scroll Turbo
- Electric Turbo
Types
of Superchargers-
- Centrifugal superchargers
- Roots Superchargers
- Twin-Screw Superchargers
Working
of Turbocharger –
1. Cool
air enters the engine's air intake and heads toward the compressor.
2. The
compressor fan helps to suck air in.
3. The
compressor squeezes and heats up the incoming air and blows it out again.
4. Hot,
compressed air from the compressor passes through the heat exchanger, which
cools it down.
5. Cooled,
compressed air enters the cylinder's air intake. The extra oxygen helps to burn
fuel in the cylinder at a faster rate.
6. Since
the cylinder burns more fuel, it produces energy more quickly and can send more
power to the wheels via the piston, shafts, and gears.
7. Waste
gas from the cylinder exits through the exhaust outlet.
8. The
hot exhaust gases blowing past the turbine fan make it rotate at high speed.
9. The
spinning turbine is mounted on the same shaft as the compressor. So, as the
turbine spins, the compressor spins too.
10. The
exhaust gas leaves the car, wasting less energy than it would otherwise.
Working of Supercharger-
1. An internal combustion engine sucks air into a cylinder where
it's compressed, igniting a blend of fuel and air.
2. Once ignited, it generates a power stroke of the piston
before sending energy to the wheels.
3. When an engine's displacement is relative to a vehicle's
design, it supplies a corresponding level of performance.
4. When more power is needed, a larger engine will get the
job done, but so will a forced induction system such as a supercharger.
5. Superchargers are belt-operated and most often powered by an
engine's crankshaft.
6. This type of forced induction is different from a
turbocharger, which utilizes waste heat from the exhaust.
7. When a supercharged car is running, the engine pulls air
through the intake, hood scoops, and any other entry points.
8. Next, the supercharger compresses the air which increases the
air's pressure and density.
9. This way the engine receives more air through the same
intake, which allows it to burn more fuel resulting in a boost in performance.
10. However, that boost comes at an upfront cost. Notably, a loss
of horsepower of as much as 20%.
11. On the other hand, a supercharger produces far more
horsepower than the belt drive takes from the engine, thus the net increase in
horsepower is somewhere between 30% and 50%.
Turbochargers
· Diesel-powered
car and van engines
· Motorcycle engines (quite
rarely)
·
Diesel-powered truck engines, beginning with a Saurer truck in 1938[50]
· Bus and coach diesel engines
· Locomotive and diesel multiple unit engines
for trains
· Stationary/industrial
engines
Supercharger
§
Automotive,
§
Truck,
§
Marine
and
§
Industrial
engines; 2 & 4 stroke.
§ Low and medium rating
ADVANTAGE
|
SUPER CHARGER |
TURBO CHARGER |
|
Increased horsepower: adding a
supercharger to any engine is a quick solution to boosting power. |
Significant increase in horsepower.
|
|
No lag: the supercharger’s biggest
advantage over a turbocharger is that it does not have any lag. Power
delivery is immediate because the supercharger is driven by the engine’s
crankshaft. |
Power vs size: allows for smaller
engine displacements to produce much more power relative to their size.
|
|
Low RPM boost: good power at low RPM
in comparison with turbochargers. |
Better fuel economy: smaller engines
use less fuel to idle, and have less rotational and reciprocating mass, which
improves fuel economy.
|
|
Price: cost effective way of
increasing horsepower. |
Higher efficiency: turbochargers run
off energy that is typically lost in naturally-aspirated and supercharged
engines (exhaust gases), thus the recovery of this energy improves the
overall efficiency of the engine.
|
DISADVANTAGE
|
SUPER CHARGER |
TURBO CHARGER |
|
Reliability: with all forced induction
systems (including turbochargers), the engine internals will be exposed to
higher pressures and temperatures, which will of course affect the longevity
of the engine. It’s best to build the engine from the bottom up to handle
these pressures, rather than relying on stock internals. |
Turbo lag: turbochargers, especially
large turbochargers, take time to spool up and provide useful boost. |
|
Less efficient: the biggest
disadvantage of superchargers is that they suck engine power simply to
produce engine power. They’re run off an engine belt connected to the
crankshaft, so you’re essentially powering an air pump with another air pump.
Because of this, superchargers are significantly less efficient than
turbochargers.
|
Boost threshold: for traditional
turbochargers, they are often sized for a certain RPM range where the exhaust
gas flow is adequate to provide additional boost for the engine. They
typically do not operate across as wide an RPM range as superchargers. |
|
|
Power surge: in some turbocharger
applications, especially with larger turbos, reaching the boost threshold can
provide an almost instantaneous surge in power, which could compromise tyre
traction or cause some instability of the car. |
|
|
Oil requirement: turbochargers get
very hot and often tap into the engine’s oil supply. This calls for
additional plumbing, and is more demanding on the engine oil. Superchargers
typically do not require engine oil lubrication. |
Which is better: turbocharger or supercharger?
The
main purpose of a turbocharger or supercharger is to send more oxygen for
combustion in the combustion chamber, increasing power generation. They both
serve this purpose effectively, however, they both have their additional
benefits and trade-offs. A turbocharger provides better fuel efficiency and
reduces emission but boosts power at a specific rpm resulting in turbo lag. A
supercharger instantaneously boosts the engine’s power but results in more fuel
consumption.
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